Nutrient soil amendments ( fertilizers) are added when the soil nutrients are depleted. Nutrients are taken up from the soil by roots. Ideal levels of humidity for optimal growth are 40–60% RH. Dry conditions slow the rate of photosynthesis. Humidity is an important part of plant growth. When using soil as a growth medium, the soil should be allowed to dry down adequately before re-watering. They begin to consume plant roots, beneficial (aerobic) bacteria, as well as nutrients and fertilizer. Anaerobic bacteria start to accumulate due to waterlogged, stale conditions. This is mainly due to oxygen not being able to enter the root system. Giving too much water can kill cannabis plants if the growing medium gets over-saturated. A conspicuous sign of water problems is the wilting of leaves. Watering frequency and amount is determined by many factors, including temperature and light, the age, size and stage of growth of the plant and the medium's ability to retain water. Some Indica varieties require as little as 8 hours of dark to begin flowering, whereas some Sativa varieties require up to 13 hours. the plant needs sufficient prolonged darkness for bract/bracteole (flowering) to begin. Flowering in cannabis is triggered by a hormonal reaction within the plant that is initiated by an increase in length of its dark cycle, i.e. Typically, flowering is induced by providing at least 12 hours per day of complete darkness. It has been suggested that, when subjected to a regimen of constant light without a dark period, cannabis begins to show signs of decreased photosynthetic response, lack of vigor, and an overall decrease in vascular development. For optimal health, cannabis plants require a period of light and a period of dark. The 'Gas Lantern Routine' is an alternate lighting schedule that has proven to be successful for growing cannabis, while saving a significant amount of energy. However, generally cannabis only requires thirteen hours of continuous light to remain in the vegetative stage. Under artificial light, the plant typically remains under a regime of 16–24 hours of light and 0–8 hours of darkness from the germination until flowering, with longer light periods being conducive to vegetative growth, and longer dark periods being conducive to flowering. At 13 ☌ (55 ☏) the plant undergoes a mild shock, though some strains withstand frost temporarily. Temperatures above 31 ☌ (88 ☏) and below 15.5 ☌ (60 ☏) seem to decrease THC potency and slow growth. The optimal day temperature range for cannabis is 24 to 30 ☌ (75 to 86 ☏). Commercial fertilizers (even organic) tend to make the soil more acidic. This value can be adjusted – see soil pH. Nutrients are often provided to the soil via fertilizers but such practice requires caution. This indicates the percentages of fundamental nutritional elements, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Sufficient nutrients - commercial potting soils usually indicate this as "N-P-K = x%-y%-z%".Soil is required, except for cannabis grown with hydroponics or aeroponics. However, commercial cross-bred hybrids containing both ruderalis, indica and/or sativa genes exist (usually called autoflowering).Ĭannabis needs certain conditions to flourish. ruderalis flowers independently of the photoperiod with the main factor for flowering being the age of the individual plants. ruderalis is very short, produces only trace amounts of THC, but is very rich in cannabidiol (CBD) an antagonist to THC, which may be 40% of the cannabinoids in a plant. Female plants produce tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (up to 31% by weight) as the season changes from summer to autumn. indica generally grow tall, with some varieties reaching 4 metres, or 13 feet. It is typically a dioecious (each individual is either male or female) annual plant. It may include three species, Cannabis indica, Cannabis sativa, and Cannabis ruderalis, ( APG II system) or one variable species. Cannabis belongs to the genus Cannabis in the family Cannabaceae.
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